Kulimbana ndi kusintha kwanyengo kumatha kukulirakulira, koma zikuwoneka kuti mphamvu zobiriwira za silicon solar cell zikufikira malire.Njira yolunjika kwambiri yopangira kutembenuka pakali pano ndi mapanelo a dzuwa, koma pali zifukwa zina zomwe iwo ali chiyembekezo chachikulu cha mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa.
Chigawo chawo chachikulu, silicon, ndi chinthu chachiwiri chochuluka padziko lapansi pambuyo pa okosijeni.Popeza mapanelo atha kuyikidwa pomwe mphamvu ikufunika - m'nyumba, m'mafakitole, mnyumba zamalonda, zombo, magalimoto apamsewu - sipakufunikanso kutumiza magetsi kumadera osiyanasiyana;ndipo kupanga misa kumatanthauza kuti mapanelo adzuwa tsopano ndi otsika mtengo kwambiri zachuma zowagwiritsa ntchito zikukhala zosatsutsika.
Malinga ndi lipoti la International Energy Agency la 2020 lamphamvu yamagetsi, ma solar m'malo ena akupanga magetsi otsika mtengo kwambiri m'mbiri.
Ngakhale chimbalangondo chachikhalidwe chija "bwanji kukakhala mdima kapena mitambo?"ikukhala yovuta chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wosungira.
Kusuntha kupitirira malire a dzuwa
Ngati mukuyembekezera "koma", izi ndi izi: koma ma solar a silicon akufika pamlingo wokwanira chifukwa cha malamulo ena ovuta afizikiki.Zamalonda pakachitsulo dzuwa maselo tsopano basi za 20 peresenti imayenera (ngakhale mpaka 28 peresenti mu labu mapangidwe. Malire awo othandiza kukhala 30 peresenti, kutanthauza iwo akhoza konse kutembenuza pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a dzuwa analandira mphamvu magetsi).
Komabe, solar panel imatulutsa mphamvu zopanda mpweya kuwirikiza kawiri pa moyo wake kuposa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga.
silicon / perovskite solar cell
Perovskite: tsogolo la zosinthika
Monga silicon, chinthu cha crystalline ichi ndi photoactive, kutanthauza kuti pamene chiwombedwa ndi kuwala, ma elekitironi mumpangidwe wake amakhala okondwa kuti achoke ku maatomu awo (kumasulidwa kwa ma electron ndi maziko a magetsi onse, kuchokera ku mabatire kupita ku mafakitale a nyukiliya) .Popeza kuti magetsi akugwira ntchito, mzere wa conga wa ma electron, pamene ma electron otayirira kuchokera ku silicon kapena perovskite amalowetsedwa mu waya, magetsi ndi zotsatira.
Perovskite ndi chisakanizo chosavuta cha njira zamchere zomwe zimatenthedwa pakati pa 100 ndi 200 madigiri kuti akhazikitse mawonekedwe ake opangira zithunzi.
Monga inki, imatha kusindikizidwa pamalopo, ndipo imatha kupindika m'njira yomwe sililicon yolimba siyikhala.Kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa makulidwe mpaka 500 kuchepera kuposa silicon, ndikopepuka kwambiri ndipo kumatha kuoneka bwino.Izi zikutanthauza kuti zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu yonse monga pamafoni ndi mawindo.Chisangalalo chenicheni chili pafupi ndi mphamvu ya perovskite yopanga mphamvu.
Kuthana ndi vuto lalikulu la perovskite - kuwonongeka
Zida zoyamba za perovskite mu 2009 zinatembenuza 3.8 peresenti ya kuwala kwa dzuwa kukhala magetsi.Pofika 2020, kuchita bwino kunali 25.5 peresenti, pafupi ndi mbiri ya labu ya silicon ya 27.6 peresenti.Pali lingaliro kuti kuthekera kwake posachedwapa kungafikire 30 peresenti.
Ngati mukuyembekezera 'koma' za perovskite, chabwino, pali angapo.Chigawo cha perovskite crystalline lattice ndi lead.Kuchuluka kwake ndi kakang'ono, koma kuopsa kwa mtovu kumatanthauza kuti ndikoyenera.Vuto lenileni ndiloti perovskite yosatetezedwa imawonongeka mosavuta chifukwa cha kutentha, chinyezi ndi chinyezi, mosiyana ndi mapanelo a silicon omwe amagulitsidwa nthawi zonse ndi chitsimikizo cha zaka 25.
Silicon imagwira ntchito bwino ndi mafunde opepuka amphamvu, ndipo perovskite imagwira ntchito bwino ndi kuwala kowoneka bwino kwamphamvu.Perovskite imathanso kukonzedwa kuti itenge mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a kuwala - ofiira, obiriwira, abuluu.Ndi kuyanjanitsa mosamalitsa kwa silicon ndi perovskite, izi zikutanthauza kuti selo iliyonse imatembenuza kuwala kochulukirapo kukhala mphamvu.
Manambalawa ndi ochititsa chidwi: gawo limodzi likhoza kukhala logwira ntchito 33 peresenti;sungani maselo awiri, ndi 45 peresenti;zigawo zitatu zingapereke 51 peresenti yogwira ntchito.Ziwerengero zamtundu uwu, ngati zingatheke pamalonda, zingasinthe mphamvu zowonjezera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-12-2021