Ngakhale kuti mafuta oyaka mafuta akhala akuthandizira komanso kuumba nthawi yamakono, akhalanso akuthandizira kwambiri pazovuta zanyengo.Komabe, mphamvu idzakhalanso chinthu chofunika kwambiri polimbana ndi zotsatira za kusintha kwa nyengo: kusintha kwamphamvu kwapadziko lonse komwe zotsatira zake zachuma zimabweretsa chiyembekezo chatsopano cha tsogolo lathu.
Mafuta opangira mafuta apanga maziko a mphamvu zamagetsi padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zikubweretsa kukula kwachuma komwe sikunachitikepo komanso kulimbikitsa zamakono.Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi kwachulukirachulukira makumi asanu m'zaka mazana awiri apitawa, kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha anthu, komanso kuwononga zachilengedwe zomwe sizinachitikepo.CO2Miyezo ya m’mlengalenga mwathu yafika pa milingo yofanana ndi imene inalembedwa zaka 3-5 miliyoni zapitazo, pamene pafupifupi kutentha kunali 2-3 ° C kotentha ndi madzi a m’nyanja anali 10-20 mamita pamwamba.Asayansi agwirizana pa nkhani ya kusintha kwa nyengo, ndipo bungwe la IPCC linanena kuti: “N’zoonekeratu kuti zimene anthu amachita pa nyengo zikuonekera bwino, ndipo mpweya woipa umene umatulutsa mlengalenga ndiwo wakwera kwambiri m’mbiri yonse.”
Pothana ndi vuto la nyengo, mapangano apadziko lonse lapansi adakhazikika pakuchepetsa CO2mpweya woipa kuti uchepetse kutentha ndikuchepetsa kusintha kwanyengo kwa anthropogenic.Mzati wapakati pa zoyesayesa izi ndikusintha gawo lamagetsi ndikupita ku chuma chochepa cha carbon.Izi zidzafunika kusintha komwe kukubwera ku mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso, chifukwa gawo la mphamvu limakhala gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu aliwonse a mpweya wapadziko lonse lapansi.M'mbuyomu, mfundo yofunika kwambiri pakusinthaku ndi zachuma zomwe zidapangitsa kuti anthu asachoke ku mafuta oyaka: kodi tidzalipira bwanji kusinthaku ndikulipira ntchito zosawerengeka zomwe zidatayika?Tsopano, chithunzi chikusintha.Pali umboni wochuluka wosonyeza kuti ziwerengero za kusintha kwamphamvu kwamphamvu ndizomveka.
Kuyankha pakukwera kwa CO2
Malinga ndiBungwe la World Meteorological OrganizationKafukufuku wa (WMO) wa 2018, milingo ya mpweya wowonjezera kutentha wa mumlengalenga, womwe ndi carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), ndi nitrous oxide (N2O), onse adafika pamtunda watsopano mu 2017.
Gawo lamphamvu limawerengera mozungulira35% ya mpweya wa CO2.Izi zikuphatikiza kuyatsa malasha, gasi, ndi mafuta amagetsi ndi kutentha (25%), komanso mpweya wina womwe sugwirizana mwachindunji ndi magetsi kapena kutentha, monga kuchotsa mafuta, kuyenga, kukonza, ndi zoyendera (10 ina. %).
Sikuti gawo la mphamvu limathandizira kuti pakhale mpweya wambiri wa mkango, palinso kukula kosalekeza kwa kufunikira kwa mphamvu.Motsogozedwa ndi chuma champhamvu padziko lonse lapansi, komanso kufunikira kotenthetsa ndi kuziziritsa kwakukulu, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi kudakwera ndi 2.3% mu 2018, pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri kuchuluka kwakukula kuyambira 2010.
DE carbonization ikufanana ndi kuchotsa kapena kuchepetsa mpweya woipa kuchokera kumagwero a mphamvu motero kukhazikitsa kusintha kwakukulu kwa mphamvu zoyera, kuchoka ku mafuta oyaka mafuta ndi kukumbatira mphamvu zowonjezera.Chofunikira chofunikira ngati tikufuna kusiyanitsa zoyipa zakusintha kwanyengo.
Osati "kungoti" pakuchita chinthu choyenera
Ubwino wa kusintha kwamphamvu kwamphamvu sikumangokhalira "kungoteteza" vuto la nyengo."Pali maubwino owonjezera omwe angapitirire kuchepetsa kutentha kwa dziko.Mwachitsanzo, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa mpweya kudzakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa thanzi la anthu” anatero Ramiro Parrado wa CMCC wa Economic Analysis of Climate Impact and Policy Division atafunsidwa za nkhaniyi.Pamwamba pazaumoyo, mayiko akusankhanso kutulutsa mphamvu zawo kuchokera kuzinthu zongowonjezera kuti asamadalire kwambiri kutulutsa mphamvu kuchokera kunja, makamaka mayiko omwe sapanga mafuta.Mwanjira iyi, mikangano yazandale imapewedwa pamene mayiko akupanga mphamvu zawo.
Komabe, ngakhale ubwino wa kusintha kwa mphamvu kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino, kukhazikika kwa dziko ndi kupindula kwa chilengedwe si nkhani;iwo sanakhalepo okwanira kubweretsa kusintha koyera kwa mphamvu.Monga momwe zimakhalira nthawi zambiri, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti dziko liziyenda mozungulira ndi ndalama… ndipo tsopano ndalama zikuyenda bwino.
Zolemba zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira zikuwonetsa kuti kusintha kwamphamvu kwamphamvu kudzagwirizana ndi kukula kwa GDP ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito.WamphamvuLipoti la IRENA la 2019zikuwonetsa kuti pa USD 1 iliyonse yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito posintha mphamvu pakhoza kukhala malipiro omwe angakhalepo pakati pa USD 3 ndi USD 7, kapena USD 65 thililiyoni ndi USD 160 thililiyoni mochulukirachulukira muzaka za 2050. Zokwanira kupeza osewera akuluakulu ogulitsa ndi opanga mfundo chidwi kwambiri.
Akamawonedwa ngati osadalirika komanso okwera mtengo kwambiri, zongowonjezedwanso zikukhala chizindikiro cha mapulani a decarbonization.Chinthu chachikulu chakhala kutsika kwa ndalama, zomwe zikuyendetsa bizinesi ya mphamvu zowonjezera.Tekinoloje zongowonjezedwanso monga hydropower ndi geothermal zakhala zikupikisana kwazaka zambiri ndipo tsopano dzuwa ndi mphepo zilikupeza mwayi wampikisano chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo komanso kuchuluka kwa ndalama, kupikisana ndi matekinoloje wamba wamba potengera mtengo m'misika yambiri yapamwamba padziko lapansi,ngakhale popanda thandizo.
Chizindikiro china champhamvu cha phindu lazachuma pakusintha kwamagetsi oyera ndi lingaliro la osewera akulu azandalama kuti agwiritse ntchito mphamvu zamafuta amafuta ndikuyika ndalama zowonjezera.Bungwe la Norwegian Sovereign Property Fund ndi HSBC akugwiritsa ntchito njira zothanirana ndi malasha.kutaya ndalama m'makampani asanu ndi atatu amafuta komanso opanga mafuta opitilira 150.Polankhula za kusamuka kwa thumba la Norway, Tom Sanzillo, mkulu wa zachuma ku Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis, anati: “Awa ndi mawu ofunika kwambiri ochokera ku thumba lalikulu.Akuchita izi chifukwa mafuta osungiramo zinthu zakale sakupanga mtengo womwe anali nawo kale.Ndi chenjezonso kwa makampani ophatikizika amafuta kuti osunga ndalama akuwayang'ana kuti apititse patsogolo chuma chawo kuti agwiritse ntchito mphamvu zowonjezera.
Magulu a Investment, mongaMalingaliro a kampani DivestInvestndiCA100+, akukakamizanso mabizinesi kuti achepetse mayendedwe awo a carbon.Pa COP24 yokha, gulu la osunga ndalama 415, omwe akuyimira $ 32 thililiyoni, adalengeza kudzipereka kwawo ku Pangano la Paris: chothandizira chachikulu.Kuyitanira kuti achitepo kanthu kumaphatikizapo kufuna kuti maboma aike mtengo pa carbon, athetse ndalama zothandizira mafuta oyaka, ndi kuthetsa mphamvu ya malasha.
Koma, nanga bwanji za ntchito zonsezo zomwe zingatayike ngati titachoka pamakampani opangira mafuta?Parrado akufotokoza kuti: “Monga m’kusintha kulikonse padzakhala zigawo zomwe zidzakhudzidwa ndi kuchoka ku mafuta oyaka mafuta kudzatanthauza kutha kwa ntchito m’gawolo.”Komabe, zoneneratu zikulosera kuti chiwerengero cha ntchito zatsopano zomwe zidzapangidwe chidzaposadi kutayika kwa ntchito.Mwayi wogwira ntchito ndizofunikira kwambiri pokonzekera kukula kwachuma kwa mpweya wochepa kwambiri ndipo maboma ambiri tsopano akuika patsogolo chitukuko cha mphamvu zowonjezereka, choyamba kuchepetsa mpweya wa mpweya ndi kukwaniritsa zolinga zanyengo zapadziko lonse lapansi, komanso kufunafuna phindu lalikulu lazachuma monga kuchuluka kwa ntchito ndi moyo wabwino. .
Tsogolo lamphamvu lamphamvu
Paradigm yamakono imapangitsa kuti tizigwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi kuwonongeka kwa dziko lathu lapansi.Izi ndichifukwa choti tawotcha mafuta oyambira pansi kuti tipeze mphamvu zotsika mtengo komanso zochulukirapo.Komabe, ngati tikufuna kuthana ndi vuto la nyengo mphamvu idzapitirizabe kukhala gawo lofunika kwambiri pakukhazikitsa njira zowonongeka ndi zochepetsera zomwe zimafunika kuti tithane ndi vuto la nyengo komanso kuti anthu apitirizebe kupambana.Mphamvu ndiye chifukwa cha mavuto athu komanso chida chothetsera.
Zachuma kumbuyo kwa kusinthaku ndi zabwino ndipo, kuphatikiza ndi mphamvu zina zakusintha, pali chiyembekezo chatsopano chamtsogolo champhamvu champhamvu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-03-2021