Indonesia akuti palibe mbewu za malasha zatsopano kuyambira 2023

• Indonesia ikukonzekera kusiya kumanga zomera zatsopano zopangira malasha pambuyo pa 2023, ndi mphamvu zowonjezera zamagetsi zomwe zimayenera kupangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zatsopano komanso zowonjezereka.
• Akatswiri a zachitukuko ndi mabungwe aboma alandila ndondomekoyi koma ena ati siimafuna kukwanilitsa kaamba koti ikukhuza kumanga nyumba za malasha zomwe zasainidwa kale.
• Zomerazi zikangomangidwa, zizigwira ntchito kwa zaka zambiri zikubwerazi, ndipo utsi umene umatulutsa udzakhala woopsa chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo.
• Palinso mkangano pa zomwe boma likuwona kuti ndi mphamvu "zatsopano ndi zongowonjezwdwa", momwe zimayendera dzuwa ndi mphepo pamodzi ndi biomass, nyukiliya, ndi malasha a gasi.

Gawo lazowonjezera ku Indonesia likuyenda kumbuyo kwambiri kwa oyandikana nawo ku Southeast Asia - ngakhale ali ndi magwero "ongowonjezedwanso" monga solar, geothermal ndi hydro, komanso magwero "zatsopano" monga biomass, mafuta a kanjedza opangidwa ndi mafuta a kanjedza, malasha a gasi, ndipo, mongoyerekeza, nyukiliya.Pofika mu 2020, magwero amagetsi atsopanowa komanso ongowonjezwdwazopangidwa zokha11.5% ya gridi yamagetsi mdziko muno.Boma likuyembekeza kupanga 23% ya mphamvu za dzikolo kuchokera kuzinthu zatsopano ndi zongowonjezedwanso pofika 2025.

Malasha, omwe dziko la Indonesia lili ndi nkhokwe zambiri, limapanga pafupifupi 40% ya mphamvu zomwe dzikolo limagwiritsa ntchito.

Indonesia akanakhoza kukwaniritsa net-zero mpweya mu 2050 ngati mpweya ku zomera mphamvu yafupika mofulumira, kotero chinsinsi choyamba ndi kusiya kwathunthu kumanga zomera malasha osachepera 2025. Koma ngati n'kotheka, pamaso 2025 bwino.

Kutengapo gawo kwa mabungwe apadera

Ndi momwe zinthu zilili pano, pomwe dziko lonse lapansi likupita ku decarbonizing chuma, mabungwe azinsinsi ku Indonesia akuyenera kusintha.M’mbuyomu, mapologalamu a boma ankatsindika kwambiri za kumanga nyumba za malasha, koma tsopano zasintha.Chifukwa chake, makampani amayenera kutsata njira zopangira magetsi ongowonjezwdwa.

Makampani akuyenera kuzindikira kuti kulibe tsogolo lamafuta oyaka mafuta, pomwe mabungwe azachuma akuchulukirachulukira akulengeza kuti achotsa ndalama zothandizira ntchito zamalasha mokakamizidwa ndi ogula komanso eni ake omwe akufuna kuchitapo kanthu pakusintha kwanyengo.

South Korea, yomwe idathandizira ndalama zamphamvu zopangira magetsi kunja kwa malasha, kuphatikiza ku Indonesia, pakati pa 2009 ndi 2020, posachedwapa yalengeza kuti ithetsa ndalama zonse zatsopano zamapulojekiti akunja akunja.

Aliyense amaona kuti zomera za malasha zilibe tsogolo, ndiye n’chifukwa chiyani mukuvutikira kulimbikitsa ntchito za malasha?Chifukwa ngati apereka ndalama zopangira malasha atsopano, zitha kukhala zosoŵa.

Pambuyo pa 2027, malo opangira magetsi a dzuwa, kuphatikizapo zosungirako zawo, ndi magetsi a mphepo adzapanga magetsi otsika mtengo poyerekeza ndi zomera za malasha.Chifukwa chake ngati PLN ipitiliza kumanga mbewu zatsopano zamalasha osapumira, kuthekera koti mbewuzo zikhale zosokonekera ndizambiri.

Mabungwe apadera akuyenera kutenga nawo gawo [popanga mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa].Nthawi zonse pakufunika kupanga mphamvu zatsopano komanso zongowonjezwdwa, ingoyitanitsani mabungwe azigawo.Dongosolo loletsa kumanga nyumba zatsopano za malasha liyenera kuwonedwa ngati mwayi kwa mabungwe apadera kuti agwiritse ntchito ndalama zowonjezera.

Popanda kutenga nawo mbali pazaokha, zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri kukulitsa gawo losinthika ku Indonesia.

Zaka makumi ambiri akuyaka malasha

Ngakhale kuyika tsiku lomaliza kumanga nyumba zatsopano za malasha ndi gawo lofunikira loyamba, sikokwanira kuti dziko la Indonesia lisinthe kuchoka kumafuta oyaka.

Zomera zamalashazi zikadzamangidwa, zizigwira ntchito zaka zambiri zikubwerazi, zomwe zidzatsekereza dziko la Indonesia kukhala chuma chogwiritsa ntchito mpweya wambiri kupitilira tsiku lomaliza la 2023.

Pamene zinthu zili bwino, dziko la Indonesia liyenera kusiya kumanga nyumba za malasha kuyambira pano osadikira kuti amalize pulogalamu ya 35,000 MW ndi pulogalamu ya [7,000 MW] kuti akwaniritse cholinga chochepetsa kutentha kwa dziko kufika pa 1.5° Celsius mu 2050.

Tekinoloje yayikulu yosungira mabatire yomwe ikufunika kuti mphepo ndi dzuwa zikhale zodalirika zimakhalabe zodula kwambiri.Izi zikutanthauza kuti kusintha kulikonse kofulumira komanso kwakukulu kuchokera ku malasha kupita ku zongowonjezera sikungatheke mpaka pano.

Komanso, mtengo wa dzuwa watsika kwambiri moti munthu akhoza kumanga dongosolo kuti apereke mphamvu zokwanira, ngakhale masiku a mitambo.Ndipo popeza mafuta ongongowonjezedwanso ndi aulere, mosiyana ndi malasha kapena gasi, kuchulukitsitsa sikuli vuto.

Phaseout kwa zomera zakale

Akatswiri apempha kuti mafakitale akale a malasha, omwe akuti ndi owononga kwambiri komanso amawononga ndalama zambiri kuti agwiritse ntchito, aimitsidwe msanga.Ngati tikufuna kukhala ogwirizana [ndi chandamale chathu chanyengo], tiyenera kuyamba kuchotsa malasha kuyambira 2029, posakhalitsa zizikhala bwino.Tazindikira mafakitale okalamba omwe atha kuthetsedwa 2030 isanakwane, yomwe yakhala ikugwira ntchito kwa zaka zopitilira 30.

Komabe, boma mpaka pano silinalengezepo zoti athetse zomera zakale za malasha.Zikhala zokwanira ngati PLN ilinso ndi cholinga chomaliza, osangosiya kumanga zomera zatsopano zamakala.

Kutha kwathunthu kwa zomera zonse za malasha ndizotheka zaka 20 mpaka 30 kuchokera pano.Ngakhale pamenepo, boma liyenera kukhazikitsa malamulo oti athetse kuchotsedwa kwa malasha ndi kukonza zongowonjezera.

Ngati [malamulo] onse ali mu mzere, mabungwe abizinesi alibe nazo vuto ngati malo akale a malasha atsekedwa.Mwachitsanzo, tili ndi magalimoto akale kuyambira m'ma 1980 okhala ndi injini zosagwira ntchito.Magalimoto amakono ndi opambana.