Dzuwa Ndi Dothi-lotsika mtengo ndipo Latsala pang'ono Kukhala Lamphamvu Kwambiri

Pambuyo poyang'ana kwazaka zambiri pakuchepetsa mtengo, makampani opanga ma solar akusintha chidwi ndikupanga kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo.

Makampani opanga ma solar atha zaka makumi ambiri akuchepetsa mtengo wopangira magetsi kuchokera kudzuwa.Tsopano ikuyang'ana kwambiri kupanga mapanelo amphamvu kwambiri.

Pokhala ndi ndalama zopangira zida zomwe zikugunda pamtunda ndipo posachedwa zikukakamizidwa ndi kukwera kwamitengo yazinthu zopangira, opanga akuwonjezera ntchito yopititsa patsogolo ukadaulo - kupanga zida zabwinoko ndikugwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe apamwamba kwambiri kuti apange magetsi ochulukirapo kuchokera kumafamu adzuwa amtundu womwewo.Ukadaulo watsopano udzachepetsanso mtengo wamagetsi. ”

Solar Slide

Kutsika kwa mtengo wa photovoltaic panel kwacheperachepera zaka zaposachedwa.

Kukankhira kwa zida zamphamvu zoyendera dzuwa kumatsimikiziranso kuti kutsika kwamitengo kumafunikiranso kupititsa patsogolo kusamuka kwamafuta oyaka.Ngakhale mafamu a solar amtundu wa grid tsopano amakhala otchipa kuposa malo otsogola kwambiri a malasha kapena gasi, ndalama zowonjezera zidzafunika kuti muphatikize magwero amphamvu amagetsi ndi ukadaulo wamtengo wapatali wosungirako womwe umafunika masana ndi usiku mphamvu zopanda mpweya.

Mafakitole akuluakulu, kugwiritsa ntchito makina opangira makina komanso njira zopangira zogwirira ntchito bwino zabweretsa chuma chambiri, zotsika mtengo zogwirira ntchito komanso zinyalala zochepa pagawo la dzuwa.Mtengo wapakati wa solar watsika ndi 90% kuyambira 2010 mpaka 2020.

Kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zopangira magetsi pagawo lililonse kumatanthauza kuti opanga atha kutulutsa mphamvu yofananira yamagetsi kuchokera pamagawo ang'onoang'ono.Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa mtengo wa malo, zomangamanga, zomangamanga ndi zipangizo zina sizinagwere mofanana ndi mitengo yamagulu.

Zingakhale zomveka kulipira ndalama zambiri zamakono zamakono.Tikuwona anthu omwe akufuna kulipira mtengo wokwera wa module yothamanga kwambiri yomwe imawalola kupanga mphamvu zambiri ndikupanga ndalama zambiri kuchokera kumunda wawo.Makina apamwamba kwambiri akufika kale.Ma module amphamvu kwambiri komanso ochita bwino kwambiri adzachepetsa mtengo wamtengo wapatali pazambiri zonse za solar, kuthandizira malingaliro athu pakukula kwakukulu m'zaka khumi zikubwerazi.

Nazi zina mwa njira zomwe makampani a solar ali ndi mapanelo apamwamba kwambiri:

Perovskite

Ngakhale kuti zochitika zambiri zamakono zimaphatikizapo kusintha kwa matekinoloje omwe alipo kale, perovskite imalonjeza kupambana kwenikweni.Zochepa komanso zowonekera kwambiri kuposa polysilicon, zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kale, perovskite imatha kuyikidwa pamwamba pa ma solar omwe alipo kuti apititse patsogolo mphamvu, kapena kuphatikizidwa ndi galasi kuti apange mazenera omanga omwe amapanganso mphamvu.

Ma Panel Awiri Nkhope

Ma sola amatenga mphamvu kuchokera kumbali yomwe yayang'ana ndi dzuwa, komanso amatha kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala kochepa komwe kumawonekera pansi.Makanema apankhope awiri adayamba kutchuka mu 2019, opanga akufuna kulanda magetsi owonjezera posintha zinthu zowoneka bwino ndi galasi laukadaulo.

Zomwe zidachitikazi zidapangitsa ogulitsa magalasi a solar osayang'ana ndipo zidapangitsa kuti mitengo ya zinthuzo ikwere.Chakumapeto kwa chaka chatha, China idamasula malamulo okhudza mphamvu yopangira magalasi, ndipo izi ziyenera kukonzekera kufalikira kwaukadaulo wa mbali ziwiri za dzuwa.

Polysilicon yapakatikati

Kusintha kwina komwe kungapangitse kuwonjezereka kwa mphamvu ndikusuntha kuchoka pazitsulo za silicon zokhala ndi magetsi opangira magetsi a dzuwa kupita kuzinthu zopanda pake, kapena zamtundu wa n.

Zinthu zamtundu wa N zimapangidwa ndi doping polysilicon yokhala ndi chinthu chochepa chokhala ndi ma elekitironi owonjezera ngati phosphorous.Ndiwokwera mtengo, koma imatha kukhala yamphamvu kwambiri 3.5% kuposa zinthu zomwe zikulamulira pakali pano.Zogulitsazo zikuyembekezeka kuyamba kugawana msika mu 2024 ndikukhala zinthu zazikulu pofika 2028, malinga ndi PV-Tech.

Muzitsulo za solar, ultra-refined polysilicon imapangidwa kukhala ma ingots amakona anayi, omwe amadulidwa kukhala mabwalo owonda kwambiri omwe amadziwika kuti ma wafer.Zopyapyalazo zimalumikizidwa ndi mawaya m'maselo ndikumangika pamodzi kuti apange ma solar panel.

Zophika Zazikulu, Ma cell abwino

Kwa zaka zambiri za m'ma 2010, chowotcha chamtundu wa dzuwa chinali 156-millimeter (6.14 mainchesi) sikweya ya polysilicon, pafupifupi kukula kwa kutsogolo kwa CD.Tsopano, makampani akukulitsa mabwalowa kuti apititse patsogolo luso komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira.Opanga akukankhira zowotcha za 182- ndi 210-millimeter, ndipo kukula kwake kwakukulu kudzakula kuchoka pa 19% ya msika chaka chino mpaka theka la 2023, malinga ndi Wood Mackenzie Sun.

Mafakitale omwe amawaya mawaya kukhala ma cell - omwe amasintha ma electron okondwa ndi ma photon a kuwala kukhala magetsi - akuwonjezera mphamvu zatsopano zamapangidwe ngati ma heterojunction kapena tunnel-oxide passivated contact cell.Ngakhale kuti kupanga kumakhala kokwera mtengo, mapangidwewo amalola kuti ma elekitironi apitirire kuzungulira kwa nthawi yayitali, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe amapanga.