Ndi liti pamene magetsi oyendera dzuwa angatsanzikane ndi "polarization"?

Posachedwapa, nkhani za kugawidwa kwa magetsi m'zigawo zosiyanasiyana za China zakhala zikuwonekera kawirikawiri, ndipo mapanelo a dzuwa akhala akutchulidwa m'mabuku ambiri osungiramo zinthu zadzidzidzi m'nyumba, kotero kuti bizinesi yopangira magetsi a dzuwa yakhala ikukambidwa ndi anthu ambiri ochezera pa intaneti.

Kumbali imodzi, ponena za kusalowerera ndale kwa carbon ndi nsonga za carbon, mtengo wamagetsi opangira malasha wakwera, ndipo kufunikira kwa njira zowonjezera mphamvu zatsopano kwakwera;mtengo wa zipangizo zopangira mphamvu za dzuwa zapitirirabe kugwa, zomwe sizingangodzitsimikizira zokha, komanso kugulitsa kwa makampani opanga mphamvu kuti apange ndalama.Kodi palibe malo ochulukirapo opangira mphamvu zadzuwa kunyumba?

Komabe, nthawi yobwezera ndi yaitali, kubwezeredwa kwa ndalama kumakhala kochepa, ndipo palibe cholimbikitsa kuchotsa chithandizo;malo otumizira ali ndi zofunikira zina, ndipo kukhazikitsa padenga kumakhala kovuta kwambiri panthawi yokonzanso ndi kukonzanso;kukonza ndi kukonza nthawi zonse kumafunika, zomwe zimabweretsa ndalama zowonjezera.

Kumayambiriro kwa 1860, asayansi ena ankakhulupirira kuti mafuta oyaka mafuta adzakhala ochepa, ndipo zipangizo monga ma photovoltaic panels ndi osonkhanitsa dzuŵa zinayamba kutchuka;komabe, mpaka lero, mphamvu ya dzuwa imawonedwabe ngati mphamvu yatsopano ndi mafakitale atsopano pakukwera.The photovoltaic industry 2019 Industry data pa Semina ya Development Review mu Hafu Yoyamba ya Chaka ndi Zoyembekeza kwa Theka Lachiwiri la Chaka adawonetsa kuti mphamvu zopangira mphamvu zochokera ku mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa monga mphamvu za dzuwa zimangokhala 20% yokha ya mphamvu zonse. m'badwo.

Kuyang'ana msika wapadziko lonse lapansi, mtundu umodzi ndi okhala m'maiko amakono a Kumadzulo monga Europe, America ndi Australia, omwe amathandizira mwachangu mphamvu yadzuwa yapanyumba kuti athetse kufunikira kwa magetsi.Mu 2015, mphamvu zonse zoyika mphamvu za photovoltaic padziko lonse lapansi zidaposa ma kilowatts 40 miliyoni.Misika yayikulu ndi Germany, Spain, ndi Japan., Italy, kumene Germany yekha anawonjezera 7 miliyoni kilowatts anaika mphamvu anaika mu 2015. Wina ndi madera akumidzi China, amene cholinga chachikulu cha nyumba magetsi dzuwa.Madera ambiri apakati ndi akumadzulo amawona makampani a photovoltaic ngati imodzi mwa njira zofunika kwambiri zothetsera umphawi.Zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri zimayendetsedwa ndi nyumba za banja limodzi, ndipo denga ndilosavuta kugwetsa ndikusintha.

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Zopangira mphamvu za dzuwa ndi makampani opanga mphamvu za dzuwa sizingakhale zogwirizana.Mwachitsanzo, Africa ndi kontinenti yomwe ili ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo mphamvu za dzuwa zili zambiri, koma zoona zake, South Africa yokha ndiyo dziko lokhala ndi ma megawatts oposa 50 a magetsi a photovoltaic.California ili ndi malo opangira magetsi oyendera dzuŵa ambiri kuposa Africa yonse, ndipo mphamvu yopangira mphamvu yadzuwa yomwe yaikidwako ndi yowirikiza kawiri mphamvu yopangira magetsi ku Nigeria yonse.Mphamvu za dzuwa za ku Ulaya ndi gawo laling'ono chabe la Afirika, koma pali zipangizo zambiri zopangira mphamvu za dzuwa.

Kuchita kwa polarization kumapangitsa makampani opanga mphamvu za dzuwa kuti azikhala ndi mawonekedwe a "dumbbell", makamaka makamaka m'madera otukuka komanso osatukuka.

Tikudziwa kuti misika yamalonda yakutawuni ndi yakutawuni nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi "zopeza," "zowonetsa," "zolumikizana," ndi "zowonjezereka."Choncho, dongosolo lokhazikika la msika nthawi zambiri ndi "spindle" lolamulidwa ndi ogula apakati.

Izi zikuwonetsanso mfundo yofunikira pakukula kwa msika wamagetsi adzuwa: kuti muthe kukula mwachangu, ndikofunikira kufulumizitsa kukhathamiritsa kuchokera ku "dumbbell" mpaka "mtundu wa spindle", kukumbatira mwachangu misika yakumizinda ndi yakumidzi, ndikuthetsa "polarization" yomwe ilipo.

Ndiye, kodi n'zotheka kufalitsa ma solar panels m'mizinda?

Nkovuta kukopa anthu ambiri okhala m’tauni kuti agwiritse ntchito ndalama zenizeni, ogwira ntchito ndi zinthu zakuthupi kuti asinthe mwa kungodalira malingaliro monga kusamalira chilengedwe.

Choncho, mayiko ambiri adzakonza njira zolimbikitsira komanso zothandizira pamene akugwiritsa ntchito njira zokhazikika za mphamvu.Mwachitsanzo, mu 2006, bungwe la California Congress linayambitsa ndondomeko ya "California Solar Energy Initiative", yomwe yachititsa kuti anthu aziyika makina opangira magetsi a dzuwa.

Ndondomeko zokha sizokwanira.Ogwiritsa ntchito apakhomo omwe ali pakati pa msika akuyenera kuthana ndi zopinga zitatu kuti alandire mphamvu yadzuwa.

Choyamba: Kodi njira yamabizinesi ndiyoyenera?

Amakhulupirira kuti njira yopangira magetsi adzuwa m'nyumba "ndalama imodzi, kubwereranso zaka 25", ndi ndalama zomwe zimatengera nthawi yayitali.

Titha kuwerengera akaunti.Nthawi zambiri, 1kW photovoltaic magetsi opangira magetsi amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwunikira kunyumba, wailesi yakanema, ndi kompyuta;3kW photovoltaic mphamvu yopangira magetsi imatha kukwaniritsa zosowa zamagetsi za banja la anthu atatu, makamaka magetsi akukhitchini;5kW photovoltaic power generation Dongosololi limatha kukwaniritsa zosowa za banja la anthu asanu.

Ogwiritsa ntchito apakhomo amakonda kusankha mphamvu ya 5kW, yomwe nthawi zambiri imafunikira ndalama zoyambira 40,000 mpaka 100,000 yuan.Mu 2017, kukhazikitsa koyimitsa kamodzi kwa 5KW solar system kwa kampani yodziwika bwino yaku China kunkafunika 40,000 yuan.Pambuyo pa thandizo ku US state of Arizona, 5KW solar solar system ingawononge pafupifupi US$10,000.Kafukufuku wa eni nyumba 2,200 adawonetsa kuti ndalama zogulira ndalama ndizokwera kwambiri zomwe sizingaganizidwe.

Kuphatikiza apo, kudzera munjira za "kudzigwiritsa ntchito, magetsi ochulukirapo pa intaneti" ndi "kufikira kwathunthu pa intaneti" kuti mupeze kubweza magetsi, kubweza ngongole nthawi zambiri kumatenga zaka 5-7 kuti ilowe munthawi yopindulitsa.

Pakalipano, thandizo la mphamvu zobiriwira m'mayiko osiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri limakhala pafupi ndi 20-30%, ndipo United States idzapereka 26% ya mtengo wa kukhazikitsa magetsi a dzuwa mu 2020. Pamene kutulutsa kwakukulu ndi chithandizo kutatha, phindu kuzungulira kudzakulitsidwa.

Choncho, ngati anthu akumidzi alibe njira zotetezeka komanso zodalirika zogulira ndalama, ndizomveka kuyika ndalama zotsalira m'nyumba za photovoltaic magetsi.Komabe, anthu okhala m'matauni omwe ali ndi digiri yapamwamba ya digito ndi zinthu zolemera zachuma ndi mautumiki angaganize kuti ndi kukoma pang'ono kudalira phindu ili.

Njira yothandiza kwambiri ndiyo kuyika gulu la photovoltaic kunja kwawindo kuti likwaniritse zosowa zadzidzidzi zolipiritsa makompyuta apanyumba, mafoni am'manja ndi zida zina.Koma motere, ndi malo angati amsika omwe alipo?

Chachiwiri: Kodi chitetezo chanthawi yayitali chilipo?

Inde, pangakhalenso anthu omwe ali okonzeka kuthandizira mopanda malire mphamvu zobiriwira, kapena ngakhale kubwererako kuli kochepa koma "miyendo ya ziwala ndi nyama", iwo ali okonzeka kukhazikitsa machitidwe opangira magetsi a dzuwa m'nyumba zawo kuti athetse ludzu lawo la magetsi. .Inde, tili ndi thandizo la 10,000 la mzimu uwu.Komabe, musanasankhe zida zoyenera, muyenera kuganizira mozama za zomwe zidzachitike pambuyo pake ndikukonza.

Monga tanena kale, zimatenga zaka zopitilira 5 kuti magetsi adzuwa m'nyumba azikhala ndi ndalama / phindu.Kukonzekera kwa mapanelo a photovoltaic, kukalamba kwa mabatire, ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa zigawo zogwirizana nazo zidzabweretsa kufunika koyeretsa ndi kukonza kwa nthawi yaitali.Zidzakhudza mphamvu ya kutembenuka kwa mphamvu ya kuwala ndikuchepetsa mphamvu zamagetsi.

Ku Australia ndi madera ena, ntchito yomanga makina opangira magetsi adzuwa m'nyumba idayamba zaka 30 zapitazo, ndipo njira yamisika yokhwima komanso njira yogwirira ntchito yapangidwa.Ogula sayenera kudandaula kwambiri za ogulitsa zida kuthamanga / kutseka ndi kupeza pambuyo-malonda ntchito;Zowopsa zachitetezo.

Kuonjezera apo, nthawi yobwezeretsa mtengo wa mphamvu ya dzuwa yapakhomo ndi yaitali, ndipo kukhazikika kwa ndondomekoyi kuyenera kuganiziridwa.Kupanda kutero, ngati pakhala kusintha, kudzakhala “mbadwo wa mphamvu ndi chikondi.”

Mwachitsanzo, mu 2015, Nigeria, Africa inawononga US $ 16 biliyoni kupanga mphamvu ya dzuwa, koma pamapeto pake idalephera chifukwa cha mavuto a boma.Ichi ndichifukwa chake lipoti la grid ovate la Global Industry Forum likukhulupirira kuti kuthekera kotukula mphamvu yadzuwa mu Africa ndikwabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, koma chitukuko chenicheni cha mafakitale sikukwanira.

Njira yotsimikizirika yokhazikika komanso yodziwikiratu yanthawi yayitali ndiyo chinsinsi champikisano wamakampani opanga mphamvu ya dzuwa.

Chachitatu: Kodi chitukuko cha m'tauni chimaloledwa?

Kuphatikiza pa zinthu zolimba za mphamvu za dzuwa, magetsi opangira magetsi a m'nyumba akuyeneranso kukhala pafupi ndi gridi yayikulu kuti achepetse ndalama mumayendedwe atsopano.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, iyenera kukhala pafupi ndi malo opangira mphamvu kuti achepetse kutaya mphamvu.

Poyerekeza ndi ogwiritsa ntchito akumidzi omwe ali ndi magetsi ang'onoang'ono ndi omwazikana, chitukuko cha m'matauni cha mphamvu ya dzuwa chapakhomo chikuwoneka kuti ndi ndalama zambiri.Pakalipano, chiwerengero cha midzi ya ku China chafika ku 56% mu ziwerengero, zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zabweretsa msika waukulu, koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kumangidwa kwa mizinda yamakono ku Ulaya ndi America, yomwe "industrializes mizinda", ndi nthawi yomweyo. monga kukula kwamatauni., Pakhalanso mavuto ambiri.Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwachuma kwadzetsa mitengo yamtengo wapatali.Malo okhala pamunthu aliyense m'mizinda yoyamba monga Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou ndi Shenzhen ndiotsika poyerekeza ndi dziko lonse.Panthawiyi, tiyenera kupeza 20-30 lalikulu mamita a dzuwa, lotseguka, Ndi banja lotani lomwe likufunika kukhazikitsa mapanelo a photovoltaic padenga lakumwera?M'madera monga Jiangsu, kumene chuma chatukuka kwambiri, nyumba kapena nyumba zogona nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa padenga.Zolepheretsa katundu zimachepetsanso kuchuluka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.

Mwachitsanzo, kukula kofulumira kwa mizinda ikuluikulu ndi yapakati ku China m'mbuyomu kwasiya zolakwika zambiri pazachuma, malo a anthu ndi zina.Kuyika kwa mapanelo a photovoltaic m'chigawochi kudzakhudza mwachibadwa kukongola kwa anthu ammudzi ndikuyambitsa kuipitsidwa kwa kuwala.N'zovuta kulingalira kuti mzinda womwe uli pamsewu wopita ku "wokongola" udzalimbikitsa kwambiri mapanelo a blue wow photovoltaic.

Pakati pa msika ndizovuta kusuntha.Kodi ndizotheka kuti magetsi adzuwa am'nyumba sangapitirire?Osati kwenikweni.Masiku ano, kuyesayesa kwamphamvu kwa China kulimbikitsa kukula kwa mizinda ndi kukonzanso kumidzi kungabweretse mwayi watsopano kumakampani opanga magetsi adzuwa.Msika wa "spindle" sungakhale kukwera kwapakati pa China, koma ungathenso kuyenda kuchokera kumchira kupita kukatikati, chabwino?

Mwina, tsogolo la mphamvu ya dzuwa la m'nyumba, monga mafakitale ambiri, liri m'madera obiriwira komanso zachilengedwe China.


Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-24-2021